How to Make a Subfloor: Complete Guide, cement, sand and gravel.

cement sand and gravel

If you are looking to transform your building into a masterpiece of sustainability, understanding how to make a quality subfloor is a fundamental step. In the world of sustainable construction, a solid and well-executed foundation is the backbone that will guarantee durability, efficiency and beauty to your project. Imagine a structure that, in addition to being robust, respects the environment, using ecological materials and techniques that minimize environmental impact.

In this guide, we will delve into the essential steps to create a perfect subfloor, covering everything from the necessary materials to the most efficient execution techniques. We will reveal the secrets of the ideal proportions of cement, sand and gravel, and explore the best practices to guarantee an impeccable finish. Whether you are a sustainable building enthusiast or a seasoned professional, this article is designed to be a complete reference, offering valuable, in-depth insights.

Get ready to discover how to transform simple components into a solid and ecological base, exploring every detail with creativity and precision. Let's start this journey into the world of sustainable subfloors, where excellence meets environmental responsibility.

subfloor

Necessary materials

To make a quality subfloor, you will need the following materials:

1. Cement : Cement is one of the main components of the subfloor, providing the necessary binding for the mix.

2. Sand : It must be clean and of medium grain size to ensure good adhesion and finish.

3. Brita : Used to provide resistance to the subfloor. The common crushed stones are gravel 0 (grain size of 4.8 mm) and gravel 1 (grain size of 9.5 mm).

4. Water : It must be drinkable to avoid contamination that could harm the mixture.

5. Steel mesh (optional) : To reinforce the subfloor and prevent cracks.

6. Additives (optional) : Can be used to improve the workability and resistance of the mixture.

Required Tools

In addition to materials, you will need some basic tools:

• Shovel

• Hoe

• Concrete mixer (or wheelbarrow for manual mixing)

• Foam roller or wooden trowel

• aluminum ruler

• Laser leveler (optional, but recommended)

• Water hose or bucket

How much sand and cement is needed to make a subfloor?

Mixing Proportions

The amount of sand and cement will depend on the thickness and area of the subfloor that will be made. Below, we present a table with the recommended proportions for different subfloor thicknesses:

These proportions are approximate and may vary depending on the humidity of the sand and weather conditions.

What is the line for making a subfloor?

Concrete Layout for Subfloor

The recommended mix for a subfloor is generally 1:4:4 (one part cement, four parts sand and four parts gravel). This trait provides a good balance between strength and workability.

• Cement : 1 part

• Sand : 4 parts

• Brita : 4 parts

• Water : Adjust according to the desired consistency, but generally between 40-50 liters for every 100 kg of cement.

How to create a perfect subfloor?

Step by step

1. Base Preparation

• Cleaning : Remove all dirt, debris and loose materials from the base where the subfloor will be applied.

• Waterproofing : If necessary, apply a layer of waterproofing to prevent rising damp.

1. Marking and Leveling

• Marking : Use a laser level or level hose to mark the level of the subfloor on the walls.

• Guides : Place wooden or metal guides to serve as a reference for leveling the concrete.

1. Mixture

• Concrete mixer : Mix the cement, sand, gravel and water in the concrete mixer until you obtain a homogeneous mass.

• Manual : If mixing manually, use a clean surface and mix the components with a shovel and hoe.

1. Application

• Distribution : Spread the mixture over the prepared base, starting in the corners and working towards the center.

• Compaction : Use an aluminum ruler to level and compact the mixture, ensuring a flat surface.

1. Finishing

• Trowel : Use a wooden trowel or foam roller to smooth the surface.

• Curing : Keep the subfloor moist for at least 7 days to ensure proper curing and prevent cracking.

Additional Tips

• Additives : For areas subject to high humidity, consider using waterproofing additives.

• Expansion Joints : In large areas, insert expansion joints to prevent cracking due to thermal expansion.

Table of Materials and Tools